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My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

15 messages · 2012-09-27 → 2015-07-04 · Yahoo Group era · View archive on archive.org

Participants: zxspectrum128, Al Hartman, markscheck, pxx1_2000_32724, watchara, Don Dindang, david

Preserved from the Timex/Sinclair 2068 Yahoo Group (2001–2019), which is no longer online. Text reproduced from the archive.org archive; email addresses masked.

Messages

1. Re: [ts2068] My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

Al Hartman · Thu, 27 Sep 2012 00:44

I have one of the NTSC Spectrums.

Al

2. Re: [ts2068] Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

Al Hartman · Thu, 27 Sep 2012 01:37

If I find it, I'll take pictures of the outside. But, I'm not going to 
chance opening the unit. Sorry.

Al

-----Original Message----- 
From: [email]
Sent: Thursday, September 27, 2012 1:24 AM
To: [email]
Subject: [ts2068] Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

I know Al, and I have one too made in Chile and supposedly exported by 
Sinclair directly to that country. But what I've been trying to do is find 
details of the hardware, etc. If I remember correctly you told us that the 
one you have was not going to be opened and you couldn't take pictures or 
provide any details. I never forgot you had one. Although saddened by the 
news back then, I respected (and still respect) your decision. I had to 
continue my quest to find one real NTSC Spectrum that was made to be sold in 
the U.S or was modified (a prototype) to be used in the U.S. I'm getting 
really close to solving this mystery. When I do, I have more waiting to be 
solved. :)

--- In [email], Al Hartman <alhartman6@...> wrote:
>
> I have one of the NTSC Spectrums.
>
> Al
>




------------------------------------

Yahoo! Groups Links

3. My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

zxspectrum128 · Thu, 27 Sep 2012 04:20

I'm hoping this will be of interest to some of you. This is from a few days ago.

Bruno: For many years we've been told a 48K Spectrum had been modified to work with NTSC but didn't pass the FCC requirements, thus forcing Timex to develop Timex computers rather than adapting the original 48K model.

Lou: We converted some British Spectrums to NTSC and took them to Washington for FCC testing. By the way, the testing failed, which is why we didn't immediately launch the "color computer" in the US and is why we immediately began the development of the TS1500.

Bruno: Some of my friends believe that Timex Portugal was going to manufacture the NTSC Spectrums using black TS1500 cases and they would look like the one in the picture I attached, but when Timex dropped out of the computer market they had to re-use the cases and sell them in Portugal as PAL 48K Spectrums. Do you remember anything about this? To this day we're still curious about what happened to the real TS2000, why Timex decided to do the TS2068 instead of a real American version of the Spectrum, why the TS1500 looks so much like a Spectrum but it's just an upgraded ZX81, etc.

Lou: Our original plan was to convert the Sinclair "colour computer" to NTSC and launch it as a Timex-Sinclair just like we did the black-and-white basic Sinclair.  However, after the FCC experience, we decided to come out quickly with the TS1500 and began the development of the TS2000 – a redesigned color Sinclair with a better keyboard, more stable tape peripherals, NTSC, and a ROM-based cartridge.  The name was changed to TS2048 sometime during its development.  Then, at a press conference, Mr. Danny Ross, head of the Timex Computer Corporation, announced the computer as the TS2068.  None of us knows whether it was a verbal lapse or whether he just liked the sound of 68 more than 48.

Bruno: Is there anything left from developing documentation, schematics, or prototypes?

Lou: Unfortunately all of this was destroyed when Timex moved into its new headquarters building 12 years ago.

Bruno: Do you remember a list of names of the people who worked in Timex computers and projects? I have one name that you gave me, a gentleman that now works for Microsoft, but I haven't contacted him yet.

Lou: I'll check and see if I can get a list from someone in personnel.

Bruno: How many people worked on computers for Timex, when it was the most active?

Lou: Approximately 30 in R&D

Bruno: Do you remember the name or the names of the decision-making person, the hardware person, the software person, etc? We have so many questions about the cases, the projects that never materialized, the development of the ROMs, etc.

Lou: I was in charge of all of R&D.  Hardware was managed by Victor Shiff (who just retired from Microsoft) and software was under a man named Scott (I'll try to get the last name).   It was a tumultuous time.  I was hired in October 1982 as the head of computer R&D.  There was NO technical staff at all.  I immediately began hiring people in Middlebury and also transferred Timex engineers from Cupertino to Middlebury.  We built the staff quickly and of course, after Timex withdrew from the business most of the staff left for other companies.  I am the only one left in Timex with experience with Sinclair.

Bruno: Do you remember the name of the person of interest who was the middle-man between Timex Computer corp. and Timex Portugal? We've been trying so hard to find former engineers or staff in Portugal but no results so far.

Lou: Al Oliveira.  He worked for Tony Gomes, head of our plant in Portugal.

Bruno: Did American Timex engineers or staff ever move to Portugal, temporarily or permanently, because of the computer business?  No permanent relocations.

Bruno: Do you remember a Dr Ian Logan?

Lou: No, [but] I met Clive many times, since I attended his weekly R&D sessions at his headquarters in Cambridge almost every week in 1983.  

Bruno: Do you know the story behind the batch of TS1500s made for the National Education Corporation as part of its Technical Literacy Series? It was a TS1500 sold in a black executive case.

Lou: No

Bruno: Did Sir Clive ever visit Timex in Connecticut?

Lou: No

Bruno: We know of a company in Long Island who sold NTSC Spectrums at some point. Do you know anything about them or if they were authorized to do so?

Lou: No

Bruno: If Timex of Portugal was making Timexen for Timex U.S.A., why do we see "Made in Korea" in most TS2068s?

Lou: The 2068 was manufactured in Korea by a company called "Han Dok", owned by Mr. Duk Cho. 

Bruno: Do you remember anything about a system that was planned but never released, where the Timex would be connected to extra external memory? It was to be called TS2060 (Timex Bus Expansion unit)

Lou: We had 5 or 6 projects to improve the TS computers underway after the launch of the 2068 and before Timex "pulled the plug" on the business. Victor will remember more about these than I do, since at that time I was promoted to take over all Timex R&D, and was busy learning about medical products and watches.

Bruno: Do you know anything about the TS2065 microdrives?

Lou: I first saw these little devils at Clive's "farm house" outside Cambridge.  In fact I have 2 or 3 of them, now that you mention it.  I've attached some photos.

(Lou's cartridges appear to be just regular QL cartridges, unfortunately)

To be continued. :)

4. Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

zxspectrum128 · Thu, 27 Sep 2012 05:24

I know Al, and I have one too made in Chile and supposedly exported by Sinclair directly to that country. But what I've been trying to do is find details of the hardware, etc. If I remember correctly you told us that the one you have was not going to be opened and you couldn't take pictures or provide any details. I never forgot you had one. Although saddened by the news back then, I respected (and still respect) your decision. I had to continue my quest to find one real NTSC Spectrum that was made to be sold in the U.S or was modified (a prototype) to be used in the U.S. I'm getting really close to solving this mystery. When I do, I have more waiting to be solved. :)

--- In [email], Al Hartman <alhartman6@...> wrote:
>
> I have one of the NTSC Spectrums.
> 
> Al
>

5. Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

zxspectrum128 · Thu, 27 Sep 2012 06:25

I understand, and it's ok. But it would satisfy our curiosity if you knew or could find out how that one came to existence or how it found its way to you. We're always interested in stories from back in the day. I hope you find it.

--- In [email], Al Hartman <alhartman6@...> wrote:
>
> If I find it, I'll take pictures of the outside. But, I'm not going to 
> chance opening the unit. Sorry.
> 
> Al
> 
> -----Original Message----- 
> From: zxspectrum128@...
> Sent: Thursday, September 27, 2012 1:24 AM
> To: [email]
> Subject: [ts2068] Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)
> 
> I know Al, and I have one too made in Chile and supposedly exported by 
> Sinclair directly to that country. But what I've been trying to do is find 
> details of the hardware, etc. If I remember correctly you told us that the 
> one you have was not going to be opened and you couldn't take pictures or 
> provide any details. I never forgot you had one. Although saddened by the 
> news back then, I respected (and still respect) your decision. I had to 
> continue my quest to find one real NTSC Spectrum that was made to be sold in 
> the U.S or was modified (a prototype) to be used in the U.S. I'm getting 
> really close to solving this mystery. When I do, I have more waiting to be 
> solved. :)
> 
> --- In [email], Al Hartman <alhartman6@> wrote:
> >
> > I have one of the NTSC Spectrums.
> >
> > Al
> >
> 
> 
> 
> 
> ------------------------------------
> 
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>

6. Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

Al Hartman · Thu, 27 Sep 2012 16:05

It came from a guy in Brooklyn who bought out all of Timex's stock when they went out of the computer business as well as many stores who had leftovers.

He was Zebra's main supplier of computers, books, printers, paper, and software.

I ended up with it when Zebra closed up shop. I also have an interface One and a microdrive for it.

Al

--- In [email], "zxspectrum128@..." <zxspectrum128@...> wrote:
>
> I understand, and it's ok. But it would satisfy our curiosity if you knew or could find out how that one came to existence or how it found its way to you. We're always interested in stories from back in the day. I hope you find it.

7. Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

pxx1_2000_32724 · Thu, 27 Sep 2012 18:11

Great article you posted. Please follow up with the pictures of the NTSC Spectrum, I may have one here and not know it. Not all of the projects were destroyed when they closed the lab in Waterbury. Much or at least some of the boxed items that Eric had, that I ended up with, came from that lab when it closed. Nothing that looks like the BEU though sadly.
--- In [email], "Al Hartman" <alhartman6@...> wrote:
>
> It came from a guy in Brooklyn who bought out all of Timex's stock when they went out of the computer business as well as many stores who had leftovers.
> 
> He was Zebra's main supplier of computers, books, printers, paper, and software.
> 
> I ended up with it when Zebra closed up shop. I also have an interface One and a microdrive for it.
> 
> Al
> 
> --- In [email], "zxspectrum128@" <zxspectrum128@> wrote:
> >
> > I understand, and it's ok. But it would satisfy our curiosity if you knew or could find out how that one came to existence or how it found its way to you. We're always interested in stories from back in the day. I hope you find it.
>

8. RE: [ts2068] Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

watchara · Thu, 27 Sep 2012 17:11

if  you got everything from Eric, you should have NTSC zx spectrum. He sent me a picture long time ago.

9. Re: [ts2068] Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

Don Dindang · Thu, 27 Sep 2012 22:04

Here is the quote from Eric about ZX Sectrum NTSC when I chat with him many years ago.

" The Spectrum48k
 were also from the lab and work with NTSC channel 33.  They were built 
by the factory that way. "

The "lab" he means " Timex's Waterbury, Conn. lab ".

--- On Thu, 9/27/12, [email] <[email]> wrote:

From: [email] <[email]>
Subject: [ts2068] Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)
To: [email]
Date: Thursday, September 27, 2012, 7:32 PM
















 









      That would be great, but there are a few important things to remember about the NTSC Spectrums:



-We know that a few were modified to be taken to Washington for FCC testing. This makes me assume there's nothing different about them on the outside, because nothing was produced, only modified.



-We know how the NTSC Spectrums exported to Chile work and we have pictures. The hardware details are on Chris Smith's ULA book. I still have all the e-mails of the conversation with Claudio, Fred, Chris, Philip, etc. They look just like the British Spectrums (to the eye) on the outside and in the inside. It's only when you investigate that you start finding the differences



-With this in mind, there were never NTSC Spectrums made for the U.S. There were British Spectrums which were internally modified to work here, nothing more.



-Taking pictures doesn't help unless it looks different in some way (which I doubt). The only way to find out if it's a "real" modified British Spectrum is to connect it to a TV via RF, see if the signal is NTSC and run some software (the same tests that Claudio ran for us).



-Even if it's confirmed that it's a modified one, we may never find out if it's part of that group that was modified at Timex, or simply something done by someone who knew what to do. Nowadays anyone with hardware knowledge could modify one, put it on eBay as "Rare NTSC Spectrum" and we would never know if it was a "real" one or something done two weeks ago. :(



I could, for example, tell everyone I have a TS2000 prototype and present you with this picture:



http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v400/zxspectrum/Timex%20Computers/zx48ktscase_zps302a0ba3.jpg



But I would be lying. That Spectrum is a PAL model which was sold in Portugal by Timex Portugal. :)



--- In [email], watchara <kmitl22@...> wrote:

>

> if  you got everything from Eric, you should have NTSC zx spectrum. He sent me a picture long time ago.

>

10. Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

zxspectrum128 · Fri, 28 Sep 2012 02:32

That would be great, but there are a few important things to remember about the NTSC Spectrums:

-We know that a few were modified to be taken to Washington for FCC testing. This makes me assume there's nothing different about them on the outside, because nothing was produced, only modified.

-We know how the NTSC Spectrums exported to Chile work and we have pictures. The hardware details are on Chris Smith's ULA book. I still have all the e-mails of the conversation with Claudio, Fred, Chris, Philip, etc. They look just like the British Spectrums (to the eye) on the outside and in the inside. It's only when you investigate that you start finding the differences

-With this in mind, there were never NTSC Spectrums made for the U.S. There were British Spectrums which were internally modified to work here, nothing more.

-Taking pictures doesn't help unless it looks different in some way (which I doubt). The only way to find out if it's a "real" modified British Spectrum is to connect it to a TV via RF, see if the signal is NTSC and run some software (the same tests that Claudio ran for us).

-Even if it's confirmed that it's a modified one, we may never find out if it's part of that group that was modified at Timex, or simply something done by someone who knew what to do. Nowadays anyone with hardware knowledge could modify one, put it on eBay as "Rare NTSC Spectrum" and we would never know if it was a "real" one or something done two weeks ago. :(

I could, for example, tell everyone I have a TS2000 prototype and present you with this picture:

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v400/zxspectrum/Timex%20Computers/zx48ktscase_zps302a0ba3.jpg

But I would be lying. That Spectrum is a PAL model which was sold in Portugal by Timex Portugal. :)

--- In [email], watchara <kmitl22@...> wrote:
>
> if  you got everything from Eric, you should have NTSC zx spectrum. He sent me a picture long time ago.
>

11. Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

zxspectrum128 · Sat, 29 Sep 2012 03:29

I still think he may have meant "they were modified to work that way". Here's what Lou has to say about it (and other things):

"I have not yet tested the Spectrum to see if it's one of the ones we modified.  With respect to "in the factory", I know that the ones we took to Washington for FCC testing were modified (converted to NTSC) in our lab in Middlebury.

Timex's involvement with the Spectrum is best understood in the context of our involvement with Clive Sinclair.  In the late 1970s Timex had an extensive manufacturing complex in Dundee Scotland employing over 4000 people in 5 separate factories – all involved in the production of parts for mechanical wrist watches.  With the decline of the mechanical market, which happened precipitously after 1979, Timex desperately attempted to fill these factories with contract manufacturing work in order to avoid massive layoffs. (Timex had extensive experience in contract manufacturing, having assembled the first 57 million Polaroid cameras in its factories in Little Rock, Arkansas.) We signed a contract with Clive to manufacture his wrist watch FM radio.  We then got the business of developing a manufacturing process for his extremely innovative flat cathode ray tube, which was to go to market as a pocket-sized black-and-white television set.  We then started assembling his computers.

As the computer business expanded, we moved computer assembly to Korea.  Later, as it contracted, we moved it to Portugal.  Clive's last successful product was the computer, after which he went into electric bicycles and wafer scale integrated circuits, both of which contributed to his bankruptcy.  During the bankruptcy proceedings, in order to "get paid" for the mountain of computer inventories we still had, we inherited Clive's CT-2 portable telephone business, which we put into service in the UK with a partnership involving Nokia, Timex, and Motorola.  This business (Shaye Communications) failed miserably, after which Timex had no further commercial dealings with Clive."

--- In [email], Don Dindang <kmitl22@...> wrote:
>
> Here is the quote from Eric about ZX Sectrum NTSC when I chat with him many years ago.
> 
> " The Spectrum48k
>  were also from the lab and work with NTSC channel 33.  They were built 
> by the factory that way. "
> 
> The "lab" he means " Timex's Waterbury, Conn. lab ".
> 
> --- On Thu, 9/27/12, zxspectrum128@... <zxspectrum128@...> wrote:
> 
> From: zxspectrum128@... <zxspectrum128@...>
> Subject: [ts2068] Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)
> To: [email]
> Date: Thursday, September 27, 2012, 7:32 PM
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
>  
> 
> 
> 
>   
> 
> 
>     
>       
>       
>       That would be great, but there are a few important things to remember about the NTSC Spectrums:
> 
> 
> 
> -We know that a few were modified to be taken to Washington for FCC testing. This makes me assume there's nothing different about them on the outside, because nothing was produced, only modified.
> 
> 
> 
> -We know how the NTSC Spectrums exported to Chile work and we have pictures. The hardware details are on Chris Smith's ULA book. I still have all the e-mails of the conversation with Claudio, Fred, Chris, Philip, etc. They look just like the British Spectrums (to the eye) on the outside and in the inside. It's only when you investigate that you start finding the differences
> 
> 
> 
> -With this in mind, there were never NTSC Spectrums made for the U.S. There were British Spectrums which were internally modified to work here, nothing more.
> 
> 
> 
> -Taking pictures doesn't help unless it looks different in some way (which I doubt). The only way to find out if it's a "real" modified British Spectrum is to connect it to a TV via RF, see if the signal is NTSC and run some software (the same tests that Claudio ran for us).
> 
> 
> 
> -Even if it's confirmed that it's a modified one, we may never find out if it's part of that group that was modified at Timex, or simply something done by someone who knew what to do. Nowadays anyone with hardware knowledge could modify one, put it on eBay as "Rare NTSC Spectrum" and we would never know if it was a "real" one or something done two weeks ago. :(
> 
> 
> 
> I could, for example, tell everyone I have a TS2000 prototype and present you with this picture:
> 
> 
> 
> http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v400/zxspectrum/Timex%20Computers/zx48ktscase_zps302a0ba3.jpg
> 
> 
> 
> But I would be lying. That Spectrum is a PAL model which was sold in Portugal by Timex Portugal. :)
> 
> 
> 
> --- In [email], watchara <kmitl22@> wrote:
> 
> >
> 
> > if  you got everything from Eric, you should have NTSC zx spectrum. He sent me a picture long time ago.
> 
> >
>

12. Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

zxspectrum128 · Tue, 02 Oct 2012 03:37

Update: I am now in touch with Mr Victor Shiff, former head of hardware development at Timex. :)

--- In [email], "zxspectrum128@..." <zxspectrum128@...> wrote:
>
> I still think he may have meant "they were modified to work that way". Here's what Lou has to say about it (and other things):
> 
> "I have not yet tested the Spectrum to see if it's one of the ones we modified.  With respect to "in the factory", I know that the ones we took to Washington for FCC testing were modified (converted to NTSC) in our lab in Middlebury.
> 
> Timex's involvement with the Spectrum is best understood in the context of our involvement with Clive Sinclair.  In the late 1970s Timex had an extensive manufacturing complex in Dundee Scotland employing over 4000 people in 5 separate factories – all involved in the production of parts for mechanical wrist watches.  With the decline of the mechanical market, which happened precipitously after 1979, Timex desperately attempted to fill these factories with contract manufacturing work in order to avoid massive layoffs. (Timex had extensive experience in contract manufacturing, having assembled the first 57 million Polaroid cameras in its factories in Little Rock, Arkansas.) We signed a contract with Clive to manufacture his wrist watch FM radio.  We then got the business of developing a manufacturing process for his extremely innovative flat cathode ray tube, which was to go to market as a pocket-sized black-and-white television set.  We then started assembling his computers.
> 
> As the computer business expanded, we moved computer assembly to Korea.  Later, as it contracted, we moved it to Portugal.  Clive's last successful product was the computer, after which he went into electric bicycles and wafer scale integrated circuits, both of which contributed to his bankruptcy.  During the bankruptcy proceedings, in order to "get paid" for the mountain of computer inventories we still had, we inherited Clive's CT-2 portable telephone business, which we put into service in the UK with a partnership involving Nokia, Timex, and Motorola.  This business (Shaye Communications) failed miserably, after which Timex had no further commercial dealings with Clive."
> 
> --- In [email], Don Dindang <kmitl22@> wrote:
> >
> > Here is the quote from Eric about ZX Sectrum NTSC when I chat with him many years ago.
> > 
> > " The Spectrum48k
> >  were also from the lab and work with NTSC channel 33.  They were built 
> > by the factory that way. "
> > 
> > The "lab" he means " Timex's Waterbury, Conn. lab ".
> > 
> > --- On Thu, 9/27/12, zxspectrum128@ <zxspectrum128@> wrote:
> > 
> > From: zxspectrum128@ <zxspectrum128@>
> > Subject: [ts2068] Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)
> > To: [email]
> > Date: Thursday, September 27, 2012, 7:32 PM
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> >  
> > 
> > 
> > 
> >   
> > 
> > 
> >     
> >       
> >       
> >       That would be great, but there are a few important things to remember about the NTSC Spectrums:
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > -We know that a few were modified to be taken to Washington for FCC testing. This makes me assume there's nothing different about them on the outside, because nothing was produced, only modified.
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > -We know how the NTSC Spectrums exported to Chile work and we have pictures. The hardware details are on Chris Smith's ULA book. I still have all the e-mails of the conversation with Claudio, Fred, Chris, Philip, etc. They look just like the British Spectrums (to the eye) on the outside and in the inside. It's only when you investigate that you start finding the differences
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > -With this in mind, there were never NTSC Spectrums made for the U.S. There were British Spectrums which were internally modified to work here, nothing more.
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > -Taking pictures doesn't help unless it looks different in some way (which I doubt). The only way to find out if it's a "real" modified British Spectrum is to connect it to a TV via RF, see if the signal is NTSC and run some software (the same tests that Claudio ran for us).
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > -Even if it's confirmed that it's a modified one, we may never find out if it's part of that group that was modified at Timex, or simply something done by someone who knew what to do. Nowadays anyone with hardware knowledge could modify one, put it on eBay as "Rare NTSC Spectrum" and we would never know if it was a "real" one or something done two weeks ago. :(
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > I could, for example, tell everyone I have a TS2000 prototype and present you with this picture:
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v400/zxspectrum/Timex%20Computers/zx48ktscase_zps302a0ba3.jpg
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > But I would be lying. That Spectrum is a PAL model which was sold in Portugal by Timex Portugal. :)
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > --- In [email], watchara <kmitl22@> wrote:
> > 
> > >
> > 
> > > if  you got everything from Eric, you should have NTSC zx spectrum. He sent me a picture long time ago.
> > 
> > >
> >
>

13. Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

markscheck · 03 Jul 2015 15:22:15 -

I just came from the Time Expo museum in Waterbury, sadly it's closing in September. Timex was such a innovative company. The 2068, Indiglo, using innovative metal, the data link. 
I want to put a keyboard on a 1000 and a LED in a 2068. Any suggestions?

14. Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

david · 04 Jul 2015 06:27:34 -

You can pick 5v off the 2068 circuit board in a number of places but the easiest to find might be the edge connector. You'll need a resistor to limit the current to the LED and that's dependent on the color/type of LED you pick. There are some calculators on the net that can help you.

As for a keyboard for the 1000... well, you could watch eBay for old units... I bid on but didn't win a Kradle K-2 a few months back. 

If you want to build your own, the easiest path may be a TI 99/4A replacement keyboard. They were available for a while (in the late 80s) from Radio Shack and show up on eBay (there's one up now for $20). You'll need to remove the PCB and wire the matrix yourself. It's not difficult, just tedious soldering. There were articles in magazines and newsletters about how to to do it. If you have difficulty finding one, let me know and I'll dig through my info. I know I've seen one in the past few months.

David

15. Re: My continuing conversation with Mr. Lou Galie (part 2)

markscheck · 04 Jul 2015 14:00:42 -

Thanks David , Figured the LED is a quick and easy project. I saw the soldering project for the 1000. I'm a newbie when it comes to hardware. But TS 1000s are fairly cheap. Happy 4th to all my Timex friends!

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TS2068 / TC2068 · Prototypes & rarities