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Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification

26 messages · 2013-11-09 → 2019-06-23 · Yahoo Group era · View archive on archive.org

Participants: Richard Atkinson, Eduardo Fuentes, Adam Trionfo, Marvio Santos, ! HILLS !, alhartman6, Phoebus Dokos, Carlos Perez, Rich M, Ken Harbit, Oscar, David Solly, topsock

Attachments in thread: 1 (see the archive.org item)

Preserved from the Timex/Sinclair 2068 Yahoo Group (2001–2019), which is no longer online. Text reproduced from the archive.org archive; email addresses masked.

Messages

1. Please Trim Messages...

alhartman6 · 09 Nov 2013 18:19:44 -

When you reply to messages, please trim the bottom of your replies to just the thing you are replying to. 


 When you don't, it makes the digest unbelievably long and hard to read.


 Plus, when I'm approving messages to post, it makes it very difficult to tell what I'm approving.

2. Re: [ts2068] Please Trim Messages...

Eduardo Fuentes · Sat, 9 Nov 2013 23:58:

I'll do it next time
 
Sorry.

 
De: "[email]" <[email]>
Para: [email] 
Enviado: sábado, 9 de noviembre de 2013 23:19
Asunto: [ts2068] Please Trim Messages...



  
When you reply to messages, please trim the bottom of your replies to just the thing you are replying to.

When you don't, it makes the digest unbelievably long and hard to read.

Plus, when I'm approving messages to post, it makes it very difficult to tell what I'm approving.

3. Re: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification

Phoebus Dokos · Sun, 10 Nov 2013 13:05

Schematics? :-)

Sent from my iPhone

> On Nov 10, 2013, at 12:28 PM, "Richard Atkinson" <[email]> wrote:
> 
> 
> 
> I have just finished a switchable TS2068 / Spectrum ROM modification and implemented it on two TS2068s. It uses a 32K EPROM chip for the HOME ROM and a 16K EPROM chip for the EX ROM. The channel 2 / 3 switch on the underside of the case is re-purposed as a ROM select switch. It controls the upper address bit on the two EPROMs.
> 
> The Timex halves of the two EPROMs are completely standard TS2068 ROM images. The Spectrum half of the HOME EPROM is a very slightly modified version of the Spectrum ROM, modified to reset port 0xF4 and 0xFF on startup. The Spectrum half of the EX EPROM is a very slightly modified version of the Timex EX ROM, modified to jump to the START-NEW location in the Spectrum ROM on startup instead of the Timex HOME ROM location.
> 
> These modifications are necessary to ensure that the computer starts up every time reliably when in Spectrum mode. Unfortunately it is not possible to boot reliably on a TS2068 from a 100% exact Spectrum ROM.
> 
> One of the modified TS2068s has the standard composite output, the other one has a first version of an S-video output modification I am working on.
>  
> 
> 
>

4. Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification

Richard Atkinson · Sun, 10 Nov 2013 10:28

I have just finished a switchable TS2068 / Spectrum ROM modification and implemented it on two TS2068s. It uses a 32K EPROM chip for the HOME ROM and a 16K EPROM chip for the EX ROM. The channel 2 / 3 switch on the underside of the case is re-purposed as a ROM select switch. It controls the upper address bit on the two EPROMs.

The Timex halves of the two EPROMs are completely standard TS2068 ROM images. The Spectrum half of the HOME EPROM is a very slightly modified version of the Spectrum ROM, modified to reset port 0xF4 and 0xFF on startup. The Spectrum half of the EX EPROM is a very slightly modified version of the Timex EX ROM, modified to jump to the START-NEW location in the Spectrum ROM on startup instead of the Timex HOME ROM location.

These modifications are necessary to ensure that the computer starts up every time reliably when in Spectrum mode. Unfortunately it is not possible to boot reliably on a TS2068 from a 100% exact Spectrum ROM.

One of the modified TS2068s has the standard composite output, the other one has a first version of an S-video output modification I am working on.

5. RE: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification

Richard Atkinson · Sun, 10 Nov 2013 16:40

I’ve documented the mod here:



http://rga24.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/switchable-spectrum-48k-timex-2068-rom.html



and put up the ROM images here:



http://rga24.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/eprom-images-for-switchable-timex.html





From: [email] [mailto:[email]] On Behalf Of Phoebus Dokos
Sent: 10 November 2013 11:06
To: [email]
Subject: Re: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification





Schematics? :-)

Sent from my iPhone


On Nov 10, 2013, at 12:28 PM, "Richard Atkinson" <[email]> wrote:

I have just finished a switchable TS2068 / Spectrum ROM modification and implemented it on two TS2068s. It uses a 32K EPROM chip for the HOME ROM and a 16K EPROM chip for the EX ROM. The channel 2 / 3 switch on the underside of the case is re-purposed as a ROM select switch. It controls the upper address bit on the two EPROMs.

The Timex halves of the two EPROMs are completely standard TS2068 ROM images. The Spectrum half of the HOME EPROM is a very slightly modified version of the Spectrum ROM, modified to reset port 0xF4 and 0xFF on startup. The Spectrum half of the EX EPROM is a very slightly modified version of the Timex EX ROM, modified to jump to the START-NEW location in the Spectrum ROM on startup instead of the Timex HOME ROM location.

These modifications are necessary to ensure that the computer starts up every time reliably when in Spectrum mode. Unfortunately it is not possible to boot reliably on a TS2068 from a 100% exact Spectrum ROM.

One of the modified TS2068s has the standard composite output, the other one has a first version of an S-video output modification I am working on.

6. RE: [ts2068] Please Trim Messages...

Adam Trionfo · Mon, 11 Nov 2013 08:31

Wow, I didn't realize that every message was approved.  I thought that once you were approved as a member of the group that you could post freely.  When the Bally Alley message board is busy there have been 500 messages or so in a month.  I can't imagine having to deal with anything like that.

Adam


To: [email]
From: [email]
Date: Sat, 9 Nov 2013 18:19:44 -0800
Subject: [ts2068] Please Trim Messages...


























      When you reply to messages, please trim the bottom of your replies to just the thing you are replying to.


When you don't, it makes the digest unbelievably long and hard to read.
Plus, when I'm approving messages to post, it makes it very difficult to tell what I'm approving.






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7. RE: [ts2068] TS2068 with S-video and Spectrum ROM mode switch

Adam Trionfo · Wed, 13 Nov 2013 11:57

Thanks for sharing that video.  Could you give an example of your machine without the S-Video mod?  That is, a "before" video?  How much experience does this mod take to build?  Is it external or internal?

Adam



From: [email]
To: [email]
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2013 18:19:58 +0000
Subject: [ts2068] TS2068 with S-video and Spectrum ROM mode switch



























I’ve got the S-video modification on my TS2068 working well enough to publicise it now. It displays good pictures, in NTSC, without dot crawl. Here it is running a Spectrum game called Manic Miner which was very popular here in the UK in 1983. The author has acknowledged it was inspired by Miner 2049er on the Atari 800, but then he added some very British touches of his own. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UX4Z9dKKqpE

8. TS2068 with S-video and Spectrum ROM mode switch

Richard Atkinson · Wed, 13 Nov 2013 18:19

I’ve got the S-video modification on my TS2068 working well enough to publicise it now. It displays good pictures, in NTSC, without dot crawl. Here it is running a Spectrum game called Manic Miner which was very popular here in the UK in 1983. The author has acknowledged it was inspired by Miner 2049er on the Atari 800, but then he added some very British touches of his own.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UX4Z9dKKqpE

9. Spectranet ts2068

Carlos Perez · Mon, 18 Nov 2013 15:52

Hello everyone,

I been looking for a spectranet (ethernet) adapter for the zx spectrum which I heard is compatible with the ts2068.

Do you know where i can buy one of those, or at least the instructions to build it myself?

The project page isn't under proper maintenance and the information the is incomplete.

Thanks in advance for your help.

10. RE: [ts2068] Spectranet ts2068

Rich M · Mon, 18 Nov 2013 21:29

I will shortly have some more Spectranets for sale on www.sellmyretro.com - Dylan (the designer) sent me a box of 21 on Friday.

I can't say whether they will work with the TS2068 or not - it is certainly an interesting prospect, although I bet you need the Spectrum ROM and twister board?

Rich Mellor
www.rwapsoftware.co.uk

To: [email]
From: [email]
Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2013 15:52:30 -0500
Subject: [ts2068] Spectranet ts2068


























      Hello everyone,



I been looking for a spectranet (ethernet) adapter for the zx spectrum which I heard is compatible with the ts2068.



Do you know where i can buy one of those, or at least the instructions to build it myself?



The project page isn't under proper maintenance and the information the is incomplete.



Thanks in advance for your help.

11. RE: [ts2068] TS2068 with S-video and Spectrum ROM mode switch

Richard Atkinson · Mon, 18 Nov 2013 20:18

Hi Adam,



Thanks for your interest! Before that TS2068 was modified it was a standard
NTSC TS2068 so it had all the characteristics of that composite video
circuit. There are a few Timex specific deficiencies of that circuit but the
biggest problems of cross chroma and cross luma are inherent in NTSC (and
PAL too for that matter). By going to S-video you improve the picture in the
same way that an S-video picture from another computer, console or VCR / DVD
player is better than the composite one. It also presents an opportunity to
improve the circuit in some ways that are specific to the Timex circuit.



So a before video is really just another standard TS2068. I can't put these
two TS2068s back how they were but at some point I might take another TS2068
(if I have another one that's still working!) and do a similar type of video
with the standard circuit. In the meantime I will assume everyone is
familiar with their own TS2068.



The mod itself requires removing components, doing a few track cuts and
adding new components. It's entirely internal. It reuses existing components
in the machine in new ways. The RF output at the back of the machine becomes
the new luminance output and the old composite video output becomes the new
chrominance output. These two signals together are what we call S-video,
meaning "separate video" because the luminance and chrominance signals are
kept separate. The TV doesn't have to do the job of separating them out,
which is an imperfect process and leads to the artefacts of cross chroma
(incorrect colour patterns) and cross luma (incorrect dot patterns)
appearing in the displayed picture.



I've prepared another video, showing a closeup of an NTSC television display
with some coloured video patterns from the TS2068. This is quite a hard test
for the complete video display system. The program I used to generate it was
FOR N=16384 TO 23295 : POKE N, INT (RND*256) : NEXT N



The new video, which is uploading to YouTube at the moment, shows my final
version of the S-video mod in prototype form. I've used the original Timex
composite video circuit as the basis for the luminance circuit but tweaked
it in a few places to improve its performance. I'm pretty happy with the
result now. The next thing for me to work on is improving the 5V power
supply in the TS2068, and working on a Spectrum 128K compatible mod.



I will be offering these mods as a service to TS2068 users who don't want to
do them themselves. The switchable Spectrum ROM mod is ready to go now, and
I have programmed a large batch of EPROMs for it.



Richard





From: [email] [mailto:[email]] On Behalf Of
Adam Trionfo
Sent: 13 November 2013 19:57
To: TS 2068 Yahoogroup
Subject: RE: [ts2068] TS2068 with S-video and Spectrum ROM mode switch





Thanks for sharing that video.  Could you give an example of your machine
without the S-Video mod?  That is, a "before" video?  How much experience
does this mod take to build?  Is it external or internal?

Adam




  _____  

From: [email]
To: [email]
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2013 18:19:58 +0000
Subject: [ts2068] TS2068 with S-video and Spectrum ROM mode switch





I've got the S-video modification on my TS2068 working well enough to
publicise it now. It displays good pictures, in NTSC, without dot crawl.
Here it is running a Spectrum game called Manic Miner which was very popular
here in the UK in 1983. The author has acknowledged it was inspired by Miner
2049er on the Atari 800, but then he added some very British touches of his
own.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UX4Z9dKKqpE

12. RE: [ts2068] TS2068 with S-video and Spectrum ROM mode switch

Richard Atkinson · Mon, 18 Nov 2013 23:00

Here's the new YouTube video.



"S-video Timex Sinclair 2068 - screen closeups and discussion of luminance
circuit."



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGLuisNo39o





From: [email] [mailto:[email]] On Behalf Of
Richard Atkinson
Sent: 18 November 2013 20:18
To: [email]
Subject: RE: [ts2068] TS2068 with S-video and Spectrum ROM mode switch





Hi Adam,



Thanks for your interest! Before that TS2068 was modified it was a standard
NTSC TS2068 so it had all the characteristics of that composite video
circuit. There are a few Timex specific deficiencies of that circuit but the
biggest problems of cross chroma and cross luma are inherent in NTSC (and
PAL too for that matter). By going to S-video you improve the picture in the
same way that an S-video picture from another computer, console or VCR / DVD
player is better than the composite one. It also presents an opportunity to
improve the circuit in some ways that are specific to the Timex circuit.



So a before video is really just another standard TS2068. I can't put these
two TS2068s back how they were but at some point I might take another TS2068
(if I have another one that's still working!) and do a similar type of video
with the standard circuit. In the meantime I will assume everyone is
familiar with their own TS2068.



The mod itself requires removing components, doing a few track cuts and
adding new components. It's entirely internal. It reuses existing components
in the machine in new ways. The RF output at the back of the machine becomes
the new luminance output and the old composite video output becomes the new
chrominance output. These two signals together are what we call S-video,
meaning "separate video" because the luminance and chrominance signals are
kept separate. The TV doesn't have to do the job of separating them out,
which is an imperfect process and leads to the artefacts of cross chroma
(incorrect colour patterns) and cross luma (incorrect dot patterns)
appearing in the displayed picture.



I've prepared another video, showing a closeup of an NTSC television display
with some coloured video patterns from the TS2068. This is quite a hard test
for the complete video display system. The program I used to generate it was
FOR N=16384 TO 23295 : POKE N, INT (RND*256) : NEXT N



The new video, which is uploading to YouTube at the moment, shows my final
version of the S-video mod in prototype form. I've used the original Timex
composite video circuit as the basis for the luminance circuit but tweaked
it in a few places to improve its performance. I'm pretty happy with the
result now. The next thing for me to work on is improving the 5V power
supply in the TS2068, and working on a Spectrum 128K compatible mod.



I will be offering these mods as a service to TS2068 users who don't want to
do them themselves. The switchable Spectrum ROM mod is ready to go now, and
I have programmed a large batch of EPROMs for it.



Richard





From: [email] [mailto:[email]] On Behalf Of
Adam Trionfo
Sent: 13 November 2013 19:57
To: TS 2068 Yahoogroup
Subject: RE: [ts2068] TS2068 with S-video and Spectrum ROM mode switch





Thanks for sharing that video.  Could you give an example of your machine
without the S-Video mod?  That is, a "before" video?  How much experience
does this mod take to build?  Is it external or internal?

Adam





  _____  

From: [email]
To: [email]
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2013 18:19:58 +0000
Subject: [ts2068] TS2068 with S-video and Spectrum ROM mode switch





I've got the S-video modification on my TS2068 working well enough to
publicise it now. It displays good pictures, in NTSC, without dot crawl.
Here it is running a Spectrum game called Manic Miner which was very popular
here in the UK in 1983. The author has acknowledged it was inspired by Miner
2049er on the Atari 800, but then he added some very British touches of his
own.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UX4Z9dKKqpE

13. Re: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification

Eduardo Fuentes · Tue, 19 Nov 2013 03:04 · 📎 1: file

Hi Richard,
 
Based in your mod I found a way to use only one eprom to make  the TS/ZX rom switching and mantain the startup reliability.
As you noted in your blog the Start/New routine is located in different locations on both machines.
 
I've made small changes to your rom image to support booting from EX-ROM code.
The changes are explained bellow.
 
According to the book "The Complete Spectrum Rom Disassembly", the last part of "TEST FOR SCROLL" routine is located at 0D31 (TS-2068's START/NEW entry point).
 
The partial source code to modify is:
0D2D PO-SCR-4B CALL 0E00,CL-SCROLL Scroll 'B' lines.
0D30                  POP AF Fetch and decrement the
0D31                  DEC A scroll number'.
0D32                  JR NZ,0D1C,PO-SCR-4A Jump back until finished.
0D34                  POP HL Restore the value of

Must be replaced by:
0D2D PO-SCR-4B JP 386E First unused byte in spectrum ROM
0D30                  NOP
0D31                  JP 11CD ZX-START/NEW. This is the entry point of Start/NEW in TS-2068
0D34                  POP HL Restore the value of

and by:
386E                 CALL 0E00,CL-SCROLL Scroll 'B' lines.
3871                  POP AF Fetch and decrement the
3872                  DEC A scroll number'.
3873                  JP NZ,0D1C,PO-SCR-4A Jump back until finished.
3876                  JP 0D34

The code listed above adds an alternate entry point that supports booting from EX-ROM. As a consequence only one eprom is needed to do the mod.
Attached are two modified roms, the first one have 32Kb and replaces yours. The second have 16Kb and contains only the modded Spectrum ROM to be used with the old piggy-back method.
 
I've tested successfuly both roms in EightyOne emulator.
 
 
Regards,
Eduardo Fuentes

De: Richard Atkinson <[email]>
Para: [email] 
Enviado: domingo, 10 de noviembre de 2013 13:40
Asunto: RE: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification



  
I’ve documented the mod here:
 
http://rga24.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/switchable-spectrum-48k-timex-2068-rom.html
 
and put up the ROM images here:
 
http://rga24.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/eprom-images-for-switchable-timex.html

14. RE: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification [1 Attachment]

Marvio Santos · Tue, 19 Nov 2013 08:40

WOW, that's really cool man, I understand it in a "birds eye view" way, but how does one make an actual piece of hardware to use on the TS?

To: [email]
From: [email]
Date: Tue, 19 Nov 2013 03:04:34 -0800
Subject: Re: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification [1 Attachment]


























        [Attachment(s) from Eduardo Fuentes included below]



Hi Richard,

Based in your mod I found a way to use only one eprom to make  the TS/ZX rom switching and mantain the startup reliability.
As you noted in your blog the Start/New routine is located in different locations on both machines.

I've made small changes to your rom image to support booting from EX-ROM code.
The changes are explained bellow.

According to the book "The Complete Spectrum Rom Disassembly", the last part of "TEST FOR SCROLL" routine is located at 0D31 (TS-2068's START/NEW entry point).

The partial source code to modify is:
0D2D PO-SCR-4B CALL 0E00,CL-SCROLL Scroll 'B' lines.
0D30                  POP AF Fetch and decrement the
0D31                  DEC A scroll number'.
0D32                  JR NZ,0D1C,PO-SCR-4A Jump back until finished.
0D34                  POP HL Restore the value of

Must be replaced by:
0D2D PO-SCR-4B JP 386E First unused byte in spectrum ROM
0D30                  NOP
0D31                  JP 11CD ZX-START/NEW. This is the entry point of Start/NEW in TS-2068
0D34                  POP HL Restore the value of

and by:
386E                 CALL 0E00,CL-SCROLL Scroll 'B'
 lines.
3871                  POP AF Fetch and decrement the
3872                  DEC A scroll number'.
3873                  JP NZ,0D1C,PO-SCR-4A Jump back until finished.
3876                  JP 0D34

The code listed above adds an alternate entry point that supports booting from EX-ROM. As a consequence only one eprom is needed to do the mod.
Attached are two modified roms, the first one have 32Kb and replaces yours. The second have 16Kb and contains only the modded Spectrum ROM to be used with the old piggy-back method.

I've tested successfuly both roms in EightyOne emulator.


Regards,
Eduardo Fuentes




De: Richard Atkinson <[email]>
Para: [email] 
Enviado: domingo, 10 de noviembre de 2013 13:40
Asunto: RE: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification









I’ve documented the mod here:

http://rga24.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/switchable-spectrum-48k-timex-2068-rom.html

and put up the ROM images here:

http://rga24.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/eprom-images-for-switchable-timex.html

15. Re: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification

Ken Harbit · Tue, 19 Nov 2013 14:53

This got me to get my 2068 out of the attic. I'll open it up tonight and 
check it over before I turn it on. It's probably been about 20 years 
since I turned it on.

Ken

16. RE: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification

Richard Atkinson · Tue, 19 Nov 2013 23:23

Hi Marvio,



I burn my images onto EPROMs, then fit them in the HOME ROM and EX ROM
sockets and make a few other changes so that the channel 2 / 3 switch can be
used as a ROM select switch. It's documented here:



http://rga24.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/switchable-spectrum-48k-timex-2068-rom.h
tml



Full instructions are included in the page, and I also offer these mods as a
service to the TS2068 community in case you don't want to do it yourself.



Richard



From: [email] [mailto:[email]] On Behalf Of
Marvio Santos
Sent: 19 November 2013 13:41
To: [email]
Subject: RE: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification





WOW, that's really cool man, I understand it in a "birds eye view" way, but
how does one make an actual piece of hardware to use on the TS?

  _____  

To: [email]
From: [email]
Date: Tue, 19 Nov 2013 03:04:34 -0800
Subject: Re: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification [1
Attachment]



[Attachment(s) from Eduardo Fuentes included below] 

Hi Richard,



Based in your mod I found a way to use only one eprom to make  the TS/ZX rom
switching and mantain the startup reliability.

As you noted in your blog the Start/New routine is located in different
locations on both machines.



I've made small changes to your rom image to support booting from EX-ROM
code.

The changes are explained bellow.



According to the book "The Complete Spectrum Rom Disassembly", the last part
of "TEST FOR SCROLL" routine is located at 0D31 (TS-2068's START/NEW entry
point).



The partial source code to modify is:

0D2D PO-SCR-4B CALL 0E00,CL-SCROLL Scroll 'B' lines.
0D30                  POP AF Fetch and decrement the
0D31                  DEC A scroll number'.
0D32                  JR NZ,0D1C,PO-SCR-4A Jump back until finished.
0D34                  POP HL Restore the value of

Must be replaced by:

0D2D PO-SCR-4B JP 386E First unused byte in spectrum ROM
0D30                  NOP
0D31                  JP 11CD ZX-START/NEW. This is the entry point of
Start/NEW in TS-2068
0D34                  POP HL Restore the value of

and by:
386E                 CALL 0E00,CL-SCROLL Scroll 'B' lines.
3871                  POP AF Fetch and decrement the
3872                  DEC A scroll number'.
3873                  JP NZ,0D1C,PO-SCR-4A Jump back until finished.
3876                  JP 0D34

The code listed above adds an alternate entry point that supports booting
from EX-ROM. As a consequence only one eprom is needed to do the mod.

Attached are two modified roms, the first one have 32Kb and replaces yours.
The second have 16Kb and contains only the modded Spectrum ROM to be used
with the old piggy-back method.



I've tested successfuly both roms in EightyOne emulator.





Regards,

Eduardo Fuentes

De: Richard Atkinson <[email]>
Para: [email] 
Enviado: domingo, 10 de noviembre de 2013 13:40
Asunto: RE: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification





I've documented the mod here:



http://rga24.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/switchable-spectrum-48k-timex-2068-rom.h
tml



and put up the ROM images here:



http://rga24.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/eprom-images-for-switchable-timex.html

17. RE: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification [1 Attachment]

Richard Atkinson · Tue, 19 Nov 2013 23:38

Hi Eduardo,



Interesting alternative! I would say the guiding “principle” behind my mods is to change as little as possible about the code and stay as true to the original design as possible. Your design certainly works, I prefer to change less of the 48K Spectrum ROM, including not touching any of the “spare” bytes at the end of the ROM. The scroll routine gets called quite often in BASIC, whenever the screen scrolls of course. I’d rather leave that routine alone and provide a hardware solution to the problem of booting from EX ROM – i.e. another EX ROM. That way my Spectrum ROM is closer to the original.



The unused bytes in the START-NEW routine were probably intended for initialising the Microdrive hardware. I thought it was appropriate to use them in my mod for initialising the Timex hardware. Originally the Spectrum ROM was going to include code for accessing the Microdrives.  The space at the end of the ROM was for the commands MOVE, ERASE, CAT and FORMAT. In practice that space has been used as a table for interrupt mode 2 operation. I don’t know of anything that does anything with the six NOP bytes in the START-NEW routine. I use five of them in this mod. 



Richard 



From: [email] [mailto:[email]] On Behalf Of Eduardo Fuentes
Sent: 19 November 2013 11:05
To: [email]
Subject: Re: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification [1 Attachment]





[Attachment(s) from Eduardo Fuentes included below] 

Hi Richard,



Based in your mod I found a way to use only one eprom to make  the TS/ZX rom switching and mantain the startup reliability.

As you noted in your blog the Start/New routine is located in different locations on both machines.



I've made small changes to your rom image to support booting from EX-ROM code.

The changes are explained bellow.



According to the book "The Complete Spectrum Rom Disassembly", the last part of "TEST FOR SCROLL" routine is located at 0D31 (TS-2068's START/NEW entry point).



The partial source code to modify is:

0D2D PO-SCR-4B CALL 0E00,CL-SCROLL Scroll 'B' lines.
0D30                  POP AF Fetch and decrement the
0D31                  DEC A scroll number'.
0D32                  JR NZ,0D1C,PO-SCR-4A Jump back until finished.
0D34                  POP HL Restore the value of

Must be replaced by:

0D2D PO-SCR-4B JP 386E First unused byte in spectrum ROM
0D30                  NOP
0D31                  JP 11CD ZX-START/NEW. This is the entry point of Start/NEW in TS-2068
0D34                  POP HL Restore the value of

and by:
386E                 CALL 0E00,CL-SCROLL Scroll 'B' lines.
3871                  POP AF Fetch and decrement the
3872                  DEC A scroll number'.
3873                  JP NZ,0D1C,PO-SCR-4A Jump back until finished.
3876                  JP 0D34

The code listed above adds an alternate entry point that supports booting from EX-ROM. As a consequence only one eprom is needed to do the mod.

Attached are two modified roms, the first one have 32Kb and replaces yours. The second have 16Kb and contains only the modded Spectrum ROM to be used with the old piggy-back method.



I've tested successfuly both roms in EightyOne emulator.





Regards,

Eduardo Fuentes

De: Richard Atkinson <[email]>
Para: [email] 
Enviado: domingo, 10 de noviembre de 2013 13:40
Asunto: RE: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification





I’ve documented the mod here:



http://rga24.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/switchable-spectrum-48k-timex-2068-rom.html



and put up the ROM images here:



http://rga24.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/eprom-images-for-switchable-timex.html

18. RE: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification

Marvio Santos · Wed, 20 Nov 2013 06:14

How does that work? How much would it cost me? I took a look at your blog and that's way more "hacking" than I want to do myself...

Thanks man

To: [email]
From: [email]
Date: Tue, 19 Nov 2013 23:23:08 +0000
Subject: RE: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification



























Hi Marvio, I burn my images onto EPROMs, then fit them in the HOME ROM and EX ROM sockets and make a few other changes so that the channel 2 / 3 switch can be used as a ROM select switch. It’s documented here: http://rga24.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/switchable-spectrum-48k-timex-2068-rom.html Full instructions are included in the page, and I also offer these mods as a service to the TS2068 community in case you don’t want to do it yourself. Richard From: [email] [mailto:[email]] On Behalf Of Marvio Santos
Sent: 19 November 2013 13:41
To: [email]
Subject: RE: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification   WOW, that's really cool man, I understand it in a "birds eye view" way, but how does one make an actual piece of hardware to use on the TS?To: [email]
From: [email]
Date: Tue, 19 Nov 2013 03:04:34 -0800
Subject: Re: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification [1 Attachment]

  [Attachment(s) from Eduardo Fuentes included below] Hi Richard, Based in your mod I found a way to use only one eprom to make  the TS/ZX rom switching and mantain the startup reliability.As you noted in your blog the Start/New routine is located in different locations on both machines. I've made small changes to your rom image to support booting from EX-ROM code.The changes are explained bellow. According to the book "The Complete Spectrum Rom Disassembly", the last part of "TEST FOR SCROLL" routine is located at 0D31 (TS-2068's START/NEW entry point). The partial source code to modify is:0D2D PO-SCR-4B CALL 0E00,CL-SCROLL Scroll 'B' lines.
0D30                  POP AF Fetch and decrement the
0D31                  DEC A scroll number'.
0D32                  JR NZ,0D1C,PO-SCR-4A Jump back until finished.
0D34                  POP HL Restore the value of

Must be replaced by:0D2D PO-SCR-4B JP 386E First unused byte in spectrum ROM
0D30                  NOP
0D31                  JP 11CD ZX-START/NEW. This is the entry point of Start/NEW in TS-2068
0D34                  POP HL Restore the value of

and by:
386E                 CALL 0E00,CL-SCROLL Scroll 'B' lines.
3871                  POP AF Fetch and decrement the
3872                  DEC A scroll number'.
3873                  JP NZ,0D1C,PO-SCR-4A Jump back until finished.
3876                  JP 0D34

The code listed above adds an alternate entry point that supports booting from EX-ROM. As a consequence only one eprom is needed to do the mod.Attached are two modified roms, the first one have 32Kb and replaces yours. The second have 16Kb and contains only the modded Spectrum ROM to be used with the old piggy-back method. I've tested successfuly both roms in EightyOne emulator.  Regards,Eduardo FuentesDe: Richard Atkinson <[email]>
Para: [email] 
Enviado: domingo, 10 de noviembre de 2013 13:40
Asunto: RE: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification   I’ve documented the mod here: http://rga24.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/switchable-spectrum-48k-timex-2068-rom.html and put up the ROM images here: http://rga24.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/eprom-images-for-switchable-timex.html

19. Re: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification

Eduardo Fuentes · Wed, 20 Nov 2013 06:00

Hi Richard,
 
According to http://wordpress.animatez.co.uk/computers/zx-spectrum/interrupts
 
"On the 48K Spectrum there was a sneaky shortcut that saved the 256 bytes required for the interrupt vector table. There is a block of over 256 &FF’s at location &3900 in the 48K ROM. So programmers used to use this as the vector table. The Spectrum would then jump to location &FFFF upon interrupt. This is the clever bit. By placing the opcode for JR (&18) at that location and knowing that the PC would wrap to address &0000 (in the ROM) during execution of that instruction, which contains the value &F3, this would then execute the instruction JR &F3; a negative jump back 13 bytes to address &FFF4. By sticking a JMP instruction here you can then jump to the location of your interrupt routine of choice."

 
De: Richard Atkinson <[email]>
Para: [email] 
Enviado: martes, 19 de noviembre de 2013 20:38
Asunto: RE: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification



  
Hi Eduardo,
 
Interesting alternative! I would say the guiding “principle” behind my mods is to change as little as possible about the code and stay as true to the original design as possible. Your design certainly works, I prefer to change less of the 48K Spectrum ROM, including not touching any of the “spare” bytes at the end of the ROM. The scroll routine gets called quite often in BASIC, whenever the screen scrolls of course. I’d rather leave that routine alone and provide a hardware solution to the problem of booting from EX ROM – i.e. another EX ROM. That way my Spectrum ROM is closer to the original.
 
The unused bytes in the START-NEW routine were probably intended for initialising the Microdrive hardware. I thought it was appropriate to use them in my mod for initialising the Timex hardware. Originally the Spectrum ROM was going to include code for accessing the Microdrives.  The space at the end of the ROM was for the commands MOVE, ERASE, CAT and FORMAT. In practice that space has been used as a table for interrupt mode 2 operation. I don’t know of anything that does anything with the six NOP bytes in the START-NEW routine. I use five of them in this mod. 
 
Richard 
 
From:[email] [mailto:[email]] On Behalf Of Eduardo Fuentes
Sent: 19 November 2013 11:05
To: [email]
Subject: Re: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification [1 Attachment]
 
  
[Attachment(s) from Eduardo Fuentes included below] 
Hi Richard,
 
Based in your mod I found a way to use only one eprom to make  the TS/ZX rom switching and mantain the startup reliability.
As you noted in your blog the Start/New routine is located in different locations on both machines.
 
I've made small changes to your rom image to support booting from EX-ROM code.
The changes are explained bellow.
 
According to the book "The Complete Spectrum Rom Disassembly", the last part of "TEST FOR SCROLL" routine is located at 0D31 (TS-2068's START/NEW entry point).
 
The partial source code to modify is:
0D2D PO-SCR-4B CALL 0E00,CL-SCROLL Scroll 'B' lines.
0D30                  POP AF Fetch and decrement the
0D31                  DEC A scroll number'.
0D32                  JR NZ,0D1C,PO-SCR-4A Jump back until finished.
0D34                  POP HL Restore the value of

Must be replaced by:
0D2D PO-SCR-4B JP 386E First unused byte in spectrum ROM
0D30                  NOP
0D31                  JP 11CD ZX-START/NEW. This is the entry point of Start/NEW in TS-2068
0D34                  POP HL Restore the value of

and by:
386E                 CALL 0E00,CL-SCROLL Scroll 'B' lines.
3871                  POP AF Fetch and decrement the
3872                  DEC A scroll number'.
3873                  JP NZ,0D1C,PO-SCR-4A Jump back until finished.
3876                  JP 0D34

The code listed above adds an alternate entry point that supports booting from EX-ROM. As a consequence only one eprom is needed to do the mod.
Attached are two modified roms, the first one have 32Kb and replaces yours. The second have 16Kb and contains only the modded Spectrum ROM to be used with the old piggy-back method.
 
I've tested successfuly both roms in EightyOne emulator.
 
 
Regards,
Eduardo Fuentes 




 
&3900 is used because ISR routines take I*256+databus values as vector. This is the only chunk of memory that contains 257, 257 is the correct number, bytes with &FF.
 
My mod is on lower memory locations, ends at &3876,  and it will work with this kind of programs.
 
As you note, if you wish to have your rom as close as possible to the original, the only way is your way.
 
Regards,
Eduardo.

20. RE: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification

Richard Atkinson · Thu, 21 Nov 2013 00:26

Hi Eduardo,



The block of unused memory is from 386Eh to 3CFFh, 492h bytes or 1170 in decimal. The table of FFs used can be the one at 3900h, 3A00h or 3B00h. 3C00h doesn?t quite work because if the Z80 reads a value of FF from the data bus during an interrupt, the location fetched will be the one at 3CFF and 3D00, 3D00 being the first byte of the character set.



You?re right, interrupt mode 2 with the I register set to 39, 3A or 3B would work perfectly well with your mod, and also with the Timex Computer 2048 and Timex Computer 2068 Spectrum ROM.



These two machines also use a small piece of patch code at 386Eh, to reset port FF to zero during startup. I didn?t use their code because I didn?t like the way it sets port FE at the beginning of START-NEW, but port FF only just before it prints out the copyright message, and also because they didn?t reset port F4 at all. I thought it much more appropriate to reset F4 and FF at the same point that port FE is set to a white border. That way the booting TS2068 looks like a booting Spectrum every time. And because there are six spare bytes in START-NEW, just after where port FE gets set. It looked like the right place to do the patch.



Richard



From: [email] [mailto:[email]] On Behalf Of Eduardo Fuentes
Sent: 20 November 2013 14:00
To: [email]
Subject: Re: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification





Hi Richard,



According to http://wordpress.animatez.co.uk/computers/zx-spectrum/interrupts



"On the 48K Spectrum there was a sneaky shortcut that saved the 256 bytes required for the interrupt vector table. There is a block of over 256 &FF?s at location &3900 in the 48K ROM. So programmers used to use this as the vector table. The Spectrum would then jump to location &FFFF upon interrupt. This is the clever bit. By placing the opcode for JR (&18) at that location and knowing that the PC would wrap to address &0000 (in the ROM) during execution of that instruction, which contains the value &F3, this would then execute the instruction JR &F3; a negative jump back 13 bytes to address &FFF4. By sticking a JMP instruction here you can then jump to the location of your interrupt routine of choice."



&3900 is used because ISR routines take I*256+databus values as vector. This is the only chunk of memory that contains 257, 257 is the correct number, bytes with &FF.



My mod is on lower memory locations, ends at &3876,  and it will work with this kind of programs.



As you note, if you wish to have your rom as close as possible to the original, the only way is your way.



Regards,

Eduardo.




De: Richard Atkinson <[email]>
Para: [email] 
Enviado: martes, 19 de noviembre de 2013 20:38
Asunto: RE: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification





Hi Eduardo,



Interesting alternative! I would say the guiding ?principle? behind my mods is to change as little as possible about the code and stay as true to the original design as possible. Your design certainly works, I prefer to change less of the 48K Spectrum ROM, including not touching any of the ?spare? bytes at the end of the ROM. The scroll routine gets called quite often in BASIC, whenever the screen scrolls of course. I?d rather leave that routine alone and provide a hardware solution to the problem of booting from EX ROM ? i.e. another EX ROM. That way my Spectrum ROM is closer to the original.



The unused bytes in the START-NEW routine were probably intended for initialising the Microdrive hardware. I thought it was appropriate to use them in my mod for initialising the Timex hardware. Originally the Spectrum ROM was going to include code for accessing the Microdrives.  The space at the end of the ROM was for the commands MOVE, ERASE, CAT and FORMAT. In practice that space has been used as a table for interrupt mode 2 operation. I don?t know of anything that does anything with the six NOP bytes in the START-NEW routine. I use five of them in this mod. 



Richard 



From: [email] [mailto:[email]] On Behalf Of Eduardo Fuentes
Sent: 19 November 2013 11:05
To: [email]
Subject: Re: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification [1 Attachment]





[ <http://ar-mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/launch?.rand=fr3c6hcr66jar#TopText> Attachment(s) from Eduardo Fuentes included below] 

Hi Richard,



Based in your mod I found a way to use only one eprom to make  the TS/ZX rom switching and mantain the startup reliability.

As you noted in your blog the Start/New routine is located in different locations on both machines.



I've made small changes to your rom image to support booting from EX-ROM code.

The changes are explained bellow.



According to the book "The Complete Spectrum Rom Disassembly", the last part of "TEST FOR SCROLL" routine is located at 0D31 (TS-2068's START/NEW entry point).



The partial source code to modify is:

0D2D PO-SCR-4B CALL 0E00,CL-SCROLL Scroll 'B' lines.
0D30                  POP AF Fetch and decrement the
0D31                  DEC A scroll number'.
0D32                  JR NZ,0D1C,PO-SCR-4A Jump back until finished.
0D34                  POP HL Restore the value of

Must be replaced by:

0D2D PO-SCR-4B JP 386E First unused byte in spectrum ROM
0D30                  NOP
0D31                  JP 11CD ZX-START/NEW. This is the entry point of Start/NEW in TS-2068
0D34                  POP HL Restore the value of

and by:
386E                 CALL 0E00,CL-SCROLL Scroll 'B' lines.
3871                  POP AF Fetch and decrement the
3872                  DEC A scroll number'.
3873                  JP NZ,0D1C,PO-SCR-4A Jump back until finished.
3876                  JP 0D34

The code listed above adds an alternate entry point that supports booting from EX-ROM. As a consequence only one eprom is needed to do the mod.

Attached are two modified roms, the first one have 32Kb and replaces yours. The second have 16Kb and contains only the modded Spectrum ROM to be used with the old piggy-back method.



I've tested successfuly both roms in EightyOne emulator.





Regards,

Eduardo Fuentes

  <http://geo.yahoo.com/serv?s�359714/grpId491437/grpspId05566162/msgId530/stime84905384>

21. Re: [ts2068] TS2068 with S-video and Spectrum ROM mode switch

Eduardo Fuentes · Tue, 28 Jan 2014 10:34

Hi Richard,
Do you have any technical info to share about your mod?
 
Regards,
Eduardo.




________________________________

From: [email]
To: [email]
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2013 18:19:58 +0000
Subject: [ts2068] TS2068 with S-video and Spectrum ROM mode switch

  
 
I’ve got the S-video modification on my TS2068 working well enough to publicise it now. It displays good pictures, in NTSC, without dot crawl. Here it is running a Spectrum game called Manic Miner which was very popular here in the UK in 1983. The author has acknowledged it was inspired by Miner 2049er on the Atari 800, but then he added some very British touches of his own.
 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UX4Z9dKKqpE

22. Re: [ts2068] TS2068 with S-video and Spectrum ROM mode switch

Oscar · Wed, 29 Jan 2014 02:35

Please shara it with the group!!

Regards,
Oscar
Eviado pelo iEniac

Em 28/01/2014, às 16:34, Eduardo Fuentes <[email]> escreveu:

> Hi Richard,
> Do you have any technical info to share about your mod?
>  
> Regards,
> Eduardo.
> 
>  
> From: [email]
> To: [email]
> Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2013 18:19:58 +0000
> Subject: [ts2068] TS2068 with S-video and Spectrum ROM mode switch
> 
>  
>  
> I’ve got the S-video modification on my TS2068 working well enough to publicise it now. It displays good pictures, in NTSC, without dot crawl. Here it is running a Spectrum game called Manic Miner which was very popular here in the UK in 1983. The author has acknowledged it was inspired by Miner 2049er on the Atari 800, but then he added some very British touches of his own.
>  
> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UX4Z9dKKqpE
>  
>  
>  
> 
> 
>

23. Re: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification

David Solly · Sat, 22 Jun 2019 14:34

Hello Everyone...
Does anyone know where nowadays I can get a ZX Spectrum emulator ROM for the Timex/Sinclair 2068? I had one but it packed in. I do have one of Larry's cartridge docks which is at this moment supporting a Zebra OS 64 ROM. It would be easy enough to remove it and replace it with a ZX Spectrum emulator ROM.
Thank you all in advance.

24. Re: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification

! HILLS ! · Sun, 23 Jun 2019 03:03

You should be able download the Sinclair ROM to your eprom 

Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 

  On Sun, Jun 23, 2019 at 4:32, David Solly [email] [ts2068]<[email]> wrote:       

Hello Everyone...
Does anyone know where nowadays I can get a ZX Spectrum emulator ROM for the Timex/Sinclair 2068? I had one but it packed in. I do have one of Larry's cartridge docks which is at this moment supporting a Zebra OS 64 ROM. It would be easy enough to remove it and replace it with a ZX Spectrum emulator ROM.
Thank you all in advance.  #yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099 -- #yiv6833459099ygrp-mkp {border:1px solid #d8d8d8;font-family:Arial;margin:10px 0;padding:0 10px;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-mkp hr {border:1px solid #d8d8d8;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-mkp #yiv6833459099hd {color:#628c2a;font-size:85%;font-weight:700;line-height:122%;margin:10px 0;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-mkp #yiv6833459099ads {margin-bottom:10px;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-mkp .yiv6833459099ad {padding:0 0;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-mkp .yiv6833459099ad p {margin:0;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-mkp .yiv6833459099ad a {color:#0000ff;text-decoration:none;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-sponsor #yiv6833459099ygrp-lc {font-family:Arial;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-sponsor #yiv6833459099ygrp-lc #yiv6833459099hd {margin:10px 0px;font-weight:700;font-size:78%;line-height:122%;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-sponsor #yiv6833459099ygrp-lc .yiv6833459099ad 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25. Re: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification

! HILLS ! · Sun, 23 Jun 2019 03:03

You should be able download the Sinclair ROM to your eprom 

Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 

  On Sun, Jun 23, 2019 at 4:32, David Solly [email] [ts2068]<[email]> wrote:       

Hello Everyone...
Does anyone know where nowadays I can get a ZX Spectrum emulator ROM for the Timex/Sinclair 2068? I had one but it packed in. I do have one of Larry's cartridge docks which is at this moment supporting a Zebra OS 64 ROM. It would be easy enough to remove it and replace it with a ZX Spectrum emulator ROM.
Thank you all in advance.  #yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099 -- #yiv6833459099ygrp-mkp {border:1px solid #d8d8d8;font-family:Arial;margin:10px 0;padding:0 10px;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-mkp hr {border:1px solid #d8d8d8;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-mkp #yiv6833459099hd {color:#628c2a;font-size:85%;font-weight:700;line-height:122%;margin:10px 0;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-mkp #yiv6833459099ads {margin-bottom:10px;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-mkp .yiv6833459099ad {padding:0 0;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-mkp .yiv6833459099ad p {margin:0;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-mkp .yiv6833459099ad a {color:#0000ff;text-decoration:none;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-sponsor #yiv6833459099ygrp-lc {font-family:Arial;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-sponsor #yiv6833459099ygrp-lc #yiv6833459099hd {margin:10px 0px;font-weight:700;font-size:78%;line-height:122%;}#yiv6833459099 #yiv6833459099ygrp-sponsor #yiv6833459099ygrp-lc .yiv6833459099ad 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26. Re: [ts2068] Switchable Timex Sinclair 2068 ROM modification

topsock · 23 Jun 2019 21:20:47 +

https://www.sellmyretro.com/offer/details/36206 https://www.sellmyretro.com/offer/details/36206


 or 


 https://www.sellmyretro.com/offer/details/28470 https://www.sellmyretro.com/offer/details/28470



 they are relisted from time to time. I just sent the guy a message and followed listing.


 Lots of stuff on the site for 2068. I have 2 so got one of each. One 2068 is modded and I use the twister board and a joystick card to play old spectrum games.


 joy stick card:


 https://www.sellmyretro.com/offer/details/4226 https://www.sellmyretro.com/offer/details/4226

Indexed under

ZX Spectrum · Video upgrades (composite, RGB, HDMI) · Hardware projects & new boards · Spectrum emulation & software